The above behaviour of a system observed at microscales was also identified at cosmological scales... F. Pallikari. Gravitation and Cosmology: From the Hubble Radius to the Planck Scale, pp, 95-102, (2002). Suppose that we have a bug on a plane and suppose that the ‘plane’ has little pimples in the surface. Wherever there is a pimple the bug would conclude that his space has little local regions of curvature. We have the same thing in three dimensions. Wherever there is a lump of matter, our three-dimensional space has a local curvature - a kind of three-dimensional pimple*. (*George Gamow, Mr Tompkins in Paperback, 1993)