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Ioannis Fulias, Seeking the beginnings of the large ternary form with hybrid return: Clementi and Reicha, in: Markos Tsetsos, George Fitsioris and Ioannis Fulias (ed.), A tribute to the memory of Olympia Psychopedis-Frangou (1944-2017), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens / Faculty of Music Studies, Athens 2018, p. 152-175.

The examination of the large ternary form in the music-theoretical literature remains problematic and deficient, even after the substantial distinction among the sectional, the dynamic and the developmental types of this form. For example, the thorough and systematic study of Muzio Clementi’s whole compositional output reveals some movements from his keyboard sonatas written in dynamic ternary form (opus 9 no. 1 / ÉÉ, opus 24 no. 2 / ÉÉÉ, opus 36 no. 1 / ÉÉÉ, opus 41 / ÉÉ, opus 46 / ÉÉ), where the third and final part not only consists in the (expected) return of the thematic contents of the first part, but also incorporates a portion of those of the middle part, transposed into the home key (providing, therefore, a latent sonata-like aspect to the overall form as well as expanding it a little, yet without the addition of a coda). Furthermore, a much more complicated application of such a hybrid return in a large ternary form of the sectional type is detected in the slow movement of Anton Reicha’s Wind Quintet opus 99 no. 5. Thus, with all the evidence, this rare possibility for the completion of a large ternary form was developed during the period 1780-1820 by the pioneers Clementi and Reicha, before being exploited by other composers of the 19th and 20th centuries as well, such as Fr. Chopin (Barcarolle, opus 60), J. Rheinberger (Piano Sonata No. 3, opus 135 / III), D. Mitropoulos (Conzert-Stück or Un morceau de concert, for violin and piano) and D. Shostakovich (Prelude in D minor, opus 87 no. 24 / I).


© Ioannis Fulias