k)l)),
known (nōn), winner (wĭn'ər)t),
wolf (wlf),
put (pt), pure
(pyr)
t),
lose (lz), drew
(dr), true (tr)r),
nation (nā'shən)),
onion (ŭn'yən)zh)Phonemes
| ə | sofa (sō'fə), item (ī'təm), easily (ē'zəlē), cannon (kăn'ən), circus (sûr'kəs) |
| ă | act (ăkt), bat (băt) |
| ā | ape (āp), fail (fāl), day (dā) |
| â | air (âr), care (kâr) |
| ä | art (ärt), father (fä'thər) |
| b | back (băk), labor (lā'bər), cab (kăb) |
| ch | chin (chĭn), hatchet (hăch'ət), rich (rĭch) |
| d | dock (dŏk), lady (lā'dē), sad (săd) |
| ĕ | end (ĕnd), steady (stĕd'ē), met (mĕt) |
| ē | eve (ēv), clear (klēr), see (sē) |
| f | fat (făt), phase (fāz), cough (kôf) |
| g | get (gĕt), bigger (bĭg'ər), tag (tăg) |
| h | hand (hănd), ahead (əhĕd') |
| hw | wheel (hwēl), which (hwĭch) |
| ĭ | it (ĭt), pill (pĭl), mirror (mĭr'ər) |
| ī | iron (ī'ərn), eye (ī), buyer (bī'ər) |
| j | jam (jăm), ginger (jĭn'jər), edge (ĕj) |
| k | kit (kĭt), tackle (tăk'əl), cook (kk) |
| l | little (lĭt'əl), holly (hŏl'ē), pull (pl) |
| m | man (măn), hammer (hăm'ər), climb (klīm) |
| n | new (n),
known (nōn), winner (wĭn'ər) |
| ng | singing (sĭng'ĭg), finger (fĭng'gər), sang (săng), sank (săngk) |
| ŏ | hot (hŏt), body (bŏd'ē) |
| ō | over (ō'vər), hope (hōp), grow (grō) |
| ô | orbit (ôr'bĭt), fall (fôl), saw (sô) |
|
foot (ft),
wolf (wlf),
put (pt), pure
(pyr) |
|
boot (bt),
lose (lz), drew
(dr), true (tr) |
| oi | oil (oil), royal (roi'əl), boy (boi) |
| ou | out (out), crowd (kroud), how (hou) |
| p | pipe (pīp), happy (hăp'ē) |
| r | road (rōd), appeared (əpērd'), carpenter (kär'pəntər) |
| s | so (sō), cite (sīt), baste (bāst) |
| sh | shall (shăl), sure (shr),
nation (nā'shən) |
| t | tight (tīt), better (bĕt'ər), talked (tôkt) |
| th | thin (thĭn), bath (băth) |
| th | then (thĕn), father (fä'thər), bathe (bāth) |
| ŭ | but (bŭt), flood (flŭd), some (sŭm) |
| û | curl (kûrl), girl (gûrl), fern (fûrn), worm (wûrm) |
| v | vest (vĕst), trivial (trĭv'ēəl), eve (ēv) |
| w | wax (wăks), twins (twĭnz) |
| y | you (y),
onion (ŭn'yən) |
| z | zipper (zĭp'ər), ease (ēz), treads (trĕdz) |
| zh | pleasure (plĕzh'ər), rouge (rzh) |
Foreign Sounds
| ö | as in French peu (pö), German Goethe (gö'tə) |
| ü | as in French Cluny (klünē') |
| kh | as in German ach (äkh), ich (ĭkh); Scottish loch (lŏkh) |
| N | this symbol indicates that the preceding vowel is nasal as in French cinq (săNk), un (öN), sans (säN), tombe (tôNb), en (äN); Portuguese São João (souN zhwouN) |
Accents and Hyphens
| ' | primary accent, written after accented vowel or syllable: Nebraska (nəbrăs'kə),
James Buchanan (bykă'nən) |
| '' | secondary accent: Mississippi (mĭs''əsĭp'ē) |
| – | dash, replacing obvious portion of pronunciation: hegemony (hĭjĕm'ənē, hē–, hēj'əmō''nē, hĕg'ə–) |
| - | hyphen, to prevent ambiguity in syllabification: Erlanger (ûr'lăng-ər), dishearten (dĭs-här'tən) |